Comparing Stainless Steel Sheets: 409 vs. 410 vs. 410S vs. 420 vs. 430 vs. 440 vs. 446
Here’s a comparative overview of various stainless steel grades, specifically focusing on 409 stainless steel sheets, 410&410S stainless steel sheets, 420 stainless steel sheets, 430 stainless steel sheets, 440 stainless steel sheets, and 446 stainless steel sheets. Each grade has unique properties, compositions, and applications.
Equivalent Grades of Stainless Steel Sheets 409/410/420/430/440/446
Grade | WERKSTOFF NR. | UNS | SAE | TOCT | AFNOR | BS | JIS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS 409 | 1.4512 | S40900 | 409 | 09Cr17 | Z3CT12 | 409 S 19 | SUS 409 |
SS 410 | 1.4006 | S41000 | 410 | 10Cr13 | – | 410S21 | SUS 410 |
SS 420 | 1.4021 | S42000 | 420 | 13Cr14 | – | – | SUS 420 |
SS 430 | 1.4016 | S43000 | 430 | 16Cr17 | BF Z 3 CN 19-09 | – | SUS 430 |
SS 440 | 1.4125 | S44000 | 440 | 16Cr17 | – | – | SUS 440 |
SS 446 | 1.4762 | S44600 | 446 | 23Cr22 | – | – | SUS 446 |
Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel Sheets
Grades | C (%) | Ni (%) | Si (%) | S (%) | Mn (%) | P (%) | Cr (%) | Ti (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS 409 | 0.08 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.045 | 1.0 | 0.045 | 10.5 – 11.75 | – |
SS 410 | 0.15 max | 0.5 max | 1.0 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 11.5 – 13.5 | – |
SS 420 | 0.15 max | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 12.0 – 14.0 | – |
SS 430 | 0.12 | 1.0 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – |
SS 440 | 0.95 – 1.20 | – | 1.0 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – |
SS 446 | 0.15 max | – | 1.0 | 0.030 | 1.0 | 0.040 | 23.0 – 27.0 | – |
Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Sheets
409/410/420/430/440/446
Grades | Density (g/cm³) | Melting Point (°C) | Tensile Strength (MPa) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Hardness (Brinell) | Hardness (Rockwell B) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS 409 | 8.0 | 1457 | 515 | 205 | 35 | – | – |
SS 410 | 7.75 | 1530 | 450 | 205 | 20 | 217 | 96 |
SS 420 | 7.7 | 1530 | 530 | 250 | 22 | 89 | 183 |
SS 430 | 7.7 | 1510 | 450 | 205 | 22 | 89 | 183 |
SS 440 | 7.7 | 1500 | 620 | 345 | 25 | 175 | – |
Key Differences Between the Grades
- Corrosion Resistance: Grades such as 430 and 446 offer excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in mildly corrosive environments. In contrast, 410 and 420 are less corrosion-resistant but provide superior hardness.
- Strength and Hardness: 440C stands out for its high hardness and wear resistance, making it ideal for cutting tools, whereas 409 and 430 are softer but offer better formability.
- High-Temperature Performance: 446 is the best choice for high-temperature applications due to its exceptional resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. Other grades like 409 and 410S also perform well in high-temperature conditions but lack the extreme resistance of 446.
Choosing the Right Stainless Steel for Your Application
The selection of the appropriate stainless steel grade depends on the specific requirements of your application. If corrosion resistance in moderately aggressive environments is a priority, 430 or 409 may be the ideal choice. For applications that require high strength and wear resistance, such as cutting tools, 420 or 440C would be more suitable. For high-temperature environments, 446 offers unmatched oxidation resistance, making it the material of choice for furnace components and heat exchangers.
Conclusion
Each grade of stainless steel in the 400 series has its unique properties and advantages. Whether you need corrosion resistance, high strength, or durability at elevated temperatures, one of these stainless steels can meet your needs. When choosing a material, consider the specific requirements of your application, including environmental conditions, mechanical stress, and temperature. This guide provides a starting point for selecting the right stainless steel sheet for your project, ensuring long-lasting performance and reliability.
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